Fluoride, Exercise and Thyroid Hormones
Posted: Sun Feb 19, 2023 8:38 am
Cao Q, Wang J, Hao Y, Zhao F, Fu R, Yu Y, Wang J, Niu R, Bian S, Sun Z - "Exercise Ameliorates Fluoride-induced Anxiety- and Depression-like Behavior in Mice: Role of GABA" Biol Trace Elem Res (2021) doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02678-2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33825162/
Chai L, Cao Q, Liu K, Zhu R, Li H, Yu Y, Wang J, Niu R, Zhang D, Yang B, Ommati MM, Sun Z - "Exercise Alleviates Fluoride-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice: Role of miR-206-3p and PREG" Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Jan 20. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04068-w
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 24-04068-w
Fu R, Niu R, Zhao F, Wang J, Cao Q, Yu Y, Liu C, Zhang D, Sun Z - "Exercise alleviated intestinal damage and microbial disturbances in mice exposed to fluoride" Chemosphere 132658 (2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 3521031301
Li R, Gong Z, Yu Y, Niu R, Bian S, Sun Z - "Alleviative Effects of Exercise on Bone Remodeling in Fluorosis Mice" Biol Trace Elem Res 200(3):1248-1261 (2021) doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02741-y
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 21-02741-y
Liu K, Chai L, Zhao T, Zhang S, Wang J, Yu Y, Niu R, Sun Z - "Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Liver Apoptosis in Fluoride-Exposed Mice" Biol Trace Elem Res 201(12):5734-5746 (2023) doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03619-x.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 23-03619-x
Mahmood M, Azevedo LB, Maguire A, Buzalaf M, Zohoori FV - "Pharmacokinetics of fluoride in human adults: The effect of exercise" Chemosphere 262:127796 (2020)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32755695/
In adults, exercise increases plasma fluoride levels.
Qi M, Wu Y, Shi H, Liu J, Zhu R, Wang J, Rafique A, Yang B, Niu R, Zhang D, Sun Z - "Effect of Voluntary Wheel Running on Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Fluoride-Exposed Mice" Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Oct 31. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04433-9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39480623/
Wang J, Yue B, Zhang X, Guo X, Sun Z, Niu R - "Effect of exercise on microglial activation and transcriptome of hippocampus in fluorosis mice" Sci Total Environ 760:143376 (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143376
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33172640/
Yu Y, Niu R, Zhao F, Zhao Y, Wang J, Wang J, Cao Q, Fu R, Nateghahmadi MH, Sun Z - "Moderate exercise relieves fluoride-induced liver and kidney inflammatory responses through the IKKβ/NFκB pathway" Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun 11. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21360-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35688983.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 22-21360-1
Zhang Zigui, Xu Xiaohong, Shen Xiuying, et al. - "Effects of chronic fluorosis on learning and memory behavior and exercise tolerance in mice" China Public Health 15(3): 186-187 (1999) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-0580.1999.03.006
V Zohoori F, Innerd A, Azevedo LB, Whitford GM, Maguire A - "Effect of exercise on fluoride metabolism in adult humans: a pilot study" Sci Rep 5:16905 (2015). doi: 10.1038/srep16905
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep16905
In adults, exercise increases plasma fluoride levels.
Thyroid
There are hundreds of studies documenting the effects of exercise on thyroid hormone metabolism. Listed below are a few from the last few decades, some with a focus on deiodinases.
Bocco BM, Louzada RA, Silvestre DH, Santos MC, Anne-Palmer E, Rangel IF, Abdalla S, Ferreira AC, Ribeiro MO, Gereben B, Carvalho DP, Bianco AC, Werneck-de-Castro JP - "Thyroid hormone activation by type 2 deiodinase mediates exercise-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression in skeletal muscle" J Physiol 594(18):5255-69 (2016). doi: 10.1113/JP272440
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023700/
Byeon H, Moon Y, Lee S, Son GI, Lee E - "Effect of the Marine Exercise Retreat Program on Thyroid-Related Hormones in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Women" Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(2):1542 (2023). doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021542
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9863542/
Fortunato RS, Ignácio DL, Padron AS, Peçanha R, Marassi MP, Rosenthal D, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Carvalho DP - "The effect of acute exercise session on thyroid hormone economy in rats" J Endocrinol 198(2):347-53 (2008). doi: 10.1677/JOE-08-0174
https://joe.bioscientifica.com/view/jou ... /2/347.xml
Gao Y, Zhao L, Son JS, Liu X, Chen Y, Deavila JM, Zhu MJ, Murdoch GK, Du M - "Maternal Exercise Before and During Pregnancy Facilitates Embryonic Myogenesis by Enhancing Thyroid Hormone Signaling" Thyroid 32(5):581-593 (2022) doi: 10.1089/thy.2021.0639
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145266/
Ignacio DL, da S Silvestre DH, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Louzada RA, Carvalho DP, Werneck-de-Castro JP - "Thyroid hormone and estrogen regulate exercise-induced growth hormone release" PLoS One 10(4):e0122556 (2015). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122556
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25874614/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4395113/
Katzeff HL, Bovbjerg D, Mark DA - "Exercise regulation of triiodothyronine metabolism" Am J Physiol 255(6 Pt 1):E824-8 (1988). doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1988.255.6.E824
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs ... 255.6.E824
Liu Q, Li H, He W, Zhao Q, Huang C, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Shi X, Li X - "Role of aerobic exercise in ameliorating NASH: Insights into the hepatic thyroid hormone signaling and circulating thyroid hormones" Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:1075986 (2022) doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1075986.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807753/
Marschner RA, Banda P, Wajner SM, Markoski MM, Schaun M, Lehnen AM - "Short-term exercise training improves cardiac function associated to a better antioxidant response and lower type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity after myocardial infarction" PLoS One 14(9):e0222334 (2019). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222334
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6742396/
Masaki M, Koide K, Goda A, Miyazaki A, Masuyama T, Koshiba M - "Effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness and thyroid-stimulating hormone in subclinical hypothyroidism" Heart Vessels 34(8):1309-1316 (2019) doi: 10.1007/s00380-019-01355-8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725214/
"In conclusion, acute aerobic exercise decreased both arterial stiffness and serum TSH levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid subjects."
Neto RA, de Souza Dos Santos MC, Rangel IF, Ribeiro MB, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Ferreira AC, Cameron LC, Carvalho DP, Werneck de Castro JP - "Decreased serum T3 after an exercise session is independent of glucocorticoid peak" Horm Metab Res 45(12):893-9 (2013) doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1351279
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products ... 33-1351279
Rosołowska-Huszcz D - "The effect of exercise training intensity on thyroid activity at rest" J Physiol Pharmacol 49(3):457-66 (1998)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9789797/
Sullo A, Brizzi G, Maffulli N - "Deiodinating activity in the brown adipose tissue of rats following short cold exposure after strenuous exercise" Physiol Behav 80(2-3):399-403 (2003). doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.09.005
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 8403002968
Uribe RM, Jaimes-Hoy L, Ramírez-Martínez C, García-Vázquez A, Romero F, Cisneros M, Cote-Vélez A, Charli JL, Joseph-Bravo P - "Voluntary exercise adapts the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in male rats" Endocrinology 155(5):2020-30 (2014). doi: 10.1210/en.2013-1724
https://academic.oup.com/endo/article/1 ... 20/2423689
Werneck FZ, Coelho EF, Almas SP, Garcia MMDN, Bonfante HLM, Lima JRP, Vigário PDS, Mainenti MRM, Teixeira PFDS, Vaisman M - "Exercise training improves quality of life in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized clinical trial" Arch Endocrinol Metab 62(5):530-536 (2018). doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000073
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118651/
Wiśniewski K, Bełej M, Wojtkiewicz J - "Associations between serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis" Pol Ann Med 27(2):96-102 (2020)
http://www.paom.pl/Associations-between ... 0,0,2.html
"There was also a correlation between level of fT3 and physical exercise (P = 0.02)."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33825162/
Chai L, Cao Q, Liu K, Zhu R, Li H, Yu Y, Wang J, Niu R, Zhang D, Yang B, Ommati MM, Sun Z - "Exercise Alleviates Fluoride-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice: Role of miR-206-3p and PREG" Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Jan 20. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04068-w
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 24-04068-w
Fu R, Niu R, Zhao F, Wang J, Cao Q, Yu Y, Liu C, Zhang D, Sun Z - "Exercise alleviated intestinal damage and microbial disturbances in mice exposed to fluoride" Chemosphere 132658 (2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 3521031301
Li R, Gong Z, Yu Y, Niu R, Bian S, Sun Z - "Alleviative Effects of Exercise on Bone Remodeling in Fluorosis Mice" Biol Trace Elem Res 200(3):1248-1261 (2021) doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02741-y
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 21-02741-y
Liu K, Chai L, Zhao T, Zhang S, Wang J, Yu Y, Niu R, Sun Z - "Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Liver Apoptosis in Fluoride-Exposed Mice" Biol Trace Elem Res 201(12):5734-5746 (2023) doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03619-x.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 23-03619-x
Mahmood M, Azevedo LB, Maguire A, Buzalaf M, Zohoori FV - "Pharmacokinetics of fluoride in human adults: The effect of exercise" Chemosphere 262:127796 (2020)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32755695/
In adults, exercise increases plasma fluoride levels.
Qi M, Wu Y, Shi H, Liu J, Zhu R, Wang J, Rafique A, Yang B, Niu R, Zhang D, Sun Z - "Effect of Voluntary Wheel Running on Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Fluoride-Exposed Mice" Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Oct 31. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04433-9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39480623/
Wang J, Yue B, Zhang X, Guo X, Sun Z, Niu R - "Effect of exercise on microglial activation and transcriptome of hippocampus in fluorosis mice" Sci Total Environ 760:143376 (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143376
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33172640/
Yu Y, Niu R, Zhao F, Zhao Y, Wang J, Wang J, Cao Q, Fu R, Nateghahmadi MH, Sun Z - "Moderate exercise relieves fluoride-induced liver and kidney inflammatory responses through the IKKβ/NFκB pathway" Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun 11. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21360-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35688983.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.10 ... 22-21360-1
Zhang Zigui, Xu Xiaohong, Shen Xiuying, et al. - "Effects of chronic fluorosis on learning and memory behavior and exercise tolerance in mice" China Public Health 15(3): 186-187 (1999) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-0580.1999.03.006
V Zohoori F, Innerd A, Azevedo LB, Whitford GM, Maguire A - "Effect of exercise on fluoride metabolism in adult humans: a pilot study" Sci Rep 5:16905 (2015). doi: 10.1038/srep16905
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep16905
In adults, exercise increases plasma fluoride levels.
Thyroid
There are hundreds of studies documenting the effects of exercise on thyroid hormone metabolism. Listed below are a few from the last few decades, some with a focus on deiodinases.
Bocco BM, Louzada RA, Silvestre DH, Santos MC, Anne-Palmer E, Rangel IF, Abdalla S, Ferreira AC, Ribeiro MO, Gereben B, Carvalho DP, Bianco AC, Werneck-de-Castro JP - "Thyroid hormone activation by type 2 deiodinase mediates exercise-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression in skeletal muscle" J Physiol 594(18):5255-69 (2016). doi: 10.1113/JP272440
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023700/
Byeon H, Moon Y, Lee S, Son GI, Lee E - "Effect of the Marine Exercise Retreat Program on Thyroid-Related Hormones in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Women" Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(2):1542 (2023). doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021542
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9863542/
Fortunato RS, Ignácio DL, Padron AS, Peçanha R, Marassi MP, Rosenthal D, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Carvalho DP - "The effect of acute exercise session on thyroid hormone economy in rats" J Endocrinol 198(2):347-53 (2008). doi: 10.1677/JOE-08-0174
https://joe.bioscientifica.com/view/jou ... /2/347.xml
Gao Y, Zhao L, Son JS, Liu X, Chen Y, Deavila JM, Zhu MJ, Murdoch GK, Du M - "Maternal Exercise Before and During Pregnancy Facilitates Embryonic Myogenesis by Enhancing Thyroid Hormone Signaling" Thyroid 32(5):581-593 (2022) doi: 10.1089/thy.2021.0639
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145266/
Ignacio DL, da S Silvestre DH, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Louzada RA, Carvalho DP, Werneck-de-Castro JP - "Thyroid hormone and estrogen regulate exercise-induced growth hormone release" PLoS One 10(4):e0122556 (2015). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122556
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25874614/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4395113/
Katzeff HL, Bovbjerg D, Mark DA - "Exercise regulation of triiodothyronine metabolism" Am J Physiol 255(6 Pt 1):E824-8 (1988). doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1988.255.6.E824
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs ... 255.6.E824
Liu Q, Li H, He W, Zhao Q, Huang C, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Shi X, Li X - "Role of aerobic exercise in ameliorating NASH: Insights into the hepatic thyroid hormone signaling and circulating thyroid hormones" Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:1075986 (2022) doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1075986.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9807753/
Marschner RA, Banda P, Wajner SM, Markoski MM, Schaun M, Lehnen AM - "Short-term exercise training improves cardiac function associated to a better antioxidant response and lower type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity after myocardial infarction" PLoS One 14(9):e0222334 (2019). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222334
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6742396/
Masaki M, Koide K, Goda A, Miyazaki A, Masuyama T, Koshiba M - "Effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness and thyroid-stimulating hormone in subclinical hypothyroidism" Heart Vessels 34(8):1309-1316 (2019) doi: 10.1007/s00380-019-01355-8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725214/
"In conclusion, acute aerobic exercise decreased both arterial stiffness and serum TSH levels in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid subjects."
Neto RA, de Souza Dos Santos MC, Rangel IF, Ribeiro MB, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Ferreira AC, Cameron LC, Carvalho DP, Werneck de Castro JP - "Decreased serum T3 after an exercise session is independent of glucocorticoid peak" Horm Metab Res 45(12):893-9 (2013) doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1351279
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products ... 33-1351279
Rosołowska-Huszcz D - "The effect of exercise training intensity on thyroid activity at rest" J Physiol Pharmacol 49(3):457-66 (1998)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9789797/
Sullo A, Brizzi G, Maffulli N - "Deiodinating activity in the brown adipose tissue of rats following short cold exposure after strenuous exercise" Physiol Behav 80(2-3):399-403 (2003). doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.09.005
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 8403002968
Uribe RM, Jaimes-Hoy L, Ramírez-Martínez C, García-Vázquez A, Romero F, Cisneros M, Cote-Vélez A, Charli JL, Joseph-Bravo P - "Voluntary exercise adapts the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in male rats" Endocrinology 155(5):2020-30 (2014). doi: 10.1210/en.2013-1724
https://academic.oup.com/endo/article/1 ... 20/2423689
Werneck FZ, Coelho EF, Almas SP, Garcia MMDN, Bonfante HLM, Lima JRP, Vigário PDS, Mainenti MRM, Teixeira PFDS, Vaisman M - "Exercise training improves quality of life in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized clinical trial" Arch Endocrinol Metab 62(5):530-536 (2018). doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000073
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118651/
Wiśniewski K, Bełej M, Wojtkiewicz J - "Associations between serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis" Pol Ann Med 27(2):96-102 (2020)
http://www.paom.pl/Associations-between ... 0,0,2.html
"There was also a correlation between level of fT3 and physical exercise (P = 0.02)."