© 2020 - 2024 PFPC
Note: Creatine kinase is also known as creatine phosphokinase or phosphocreatine kinase.
COVID-19
Creatine Kinase (CK) levels are elevated in COVID-19 patients (Li et al., 2020).
Li M, Dong Y, Wang H, Guo W, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Tian C, Du K, Zhu R, Wang L, Zhao L, Fan H, Luo S, Hu D - "Cardiovascular disease potentially contributes to the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19" Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis S0939-4753(20)30134-4 (2020) doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.013. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32456948; PMCID: PMC7165120
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32456948/
Zhang C, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Lei X, Zhang Y - "COVID-19 infection-induced worsening of recurrent CK-MB isozyme elevation due to macro-CK type 1 in a child: case report" Eur Heart J Case Rep 8(11):ytae594 (2024). doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytae594
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39554764/
Fluoride
Serum CK levels are increased in fluoride poisoning (Hassan et al., 2009; Wu et al., 2024).
Hassan HA, Yousef MI - "Mitigating effects of antioxidant properties of black berry juice on sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats" Food Chem Toxicol 47(9):2332-7 (2009) doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.023
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19540898/
Panneerselvam L, Govindarajan V, Ameeramja J, Nair HR, Perumal E - "Single oral acute fluoride exposure causes changes in cardiac expression of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes, apoptotic and necrotic markers in male rats" Biochimie 119:27-35 (2015) doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.002
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26455266/
Kaczmarek U - "Creatine kinase activity in the saliva of subjects from areas with various fluoride content in drinking water" Czas Stomatol 39(8):504-9 (1986)
Kaul RD, Susheela AK - "Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of chronic fluorosis - The Muscle" Fluoride 9:9-18 (1976)
Wu J, Qin M, Gao Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Gao Y - "Fluoride exposure is associated with the risk of serum CK and CK-MB elevation in adults: A cross-sectional study in China" Front Public Health 12:1410056 (2024) doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410056.
"Urinary fluoride was associated with serum CK elevation and CK-MB elevation...Stratified analysis showed urinary fluoride concentration was associated with CK elevation in villagers under 60 years old."
Gq/11
Kaiser E, Tian Q, Wagner M, Barth M, Xian W, Schröder L, Ruppenthal S, Kaestner L, Boehm U, Wartenberg P, Lu H, McMillin SM, Bone DBJ, Wess J, Lipp P - "DREADD technology reveals major impact of Gq signalling on cardiac electrophysiology" Cardiovasc Res 115(6):1052-1066 (2019) doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvy251
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6736079/
"Our results suggest that creatine kinase is bound to PAR-1 where it may be poised to provide bursts of site-specific high-energy phosphate necessary for efficient receptor signal transduction during cytoskeletal reorganization."
Mahajan VB, Pai KS, Lau A, Cunningham DD - "Creatine kinase, an ATP-generating enzyme, is required for thrombin receptor signaling to the cytoskeleton" Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(22):12062-7 (2000) doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.22.12062
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC17294/
PAR-1 receptor is coupled to Gq/11
Kamato D, Mitra P, Davis F, Osman N, Chaplin R, Cabot PJ, Afroz R, Thomas W, Zheng W, Kaur H, Brimble M, Little PJ - " Gaq proteins: molecular pharmacology and therapeutic potential" Cell Mol Life Sci 74(8):1379-1390 (2017) doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2405-9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27815595/
Thyroid
"Specific activity of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased in both muscle phenotypes whereas, creatine kinase activity increased in skeletal muscles alone...Thus, the present study suggests that euthyroid status during prenatal and early postnatal life is essential to have optimal AR status and metabolic activity at adulthood."
Annapoorna K, Anbalagan J, Neelamohan R, Vengatesh G, Stanley J, Amudha G, Aruldhas MM - "Transient gestational and neonatal hypothyroidism-induced specific changes in androgen receptor expression in skeletal and cardiac muscles of adult rat" Horm Metab Res 45(3):197-205 (2013) doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1323842
Erbaş İM, Demir K - "The clinical spectrum of resistance to thyroid hormone alpha in children and adults" J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol (2020) Apr 29. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2019.0190
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32349464/
Kim H, Kim J, Huh R, Cho SY, Jin DK - "Elevation of serum creatine kinase during methimazole treatment of Graves disease in a 13-year-old girl and a literature review of similar cases" Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 20(2):106-9 (2015) doi: 10.6065/apem.2015.20.2.106.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26191516/
SEE also: Rhabdomyolysis