DNA Methylation - Thyroid & Fluoride

All adverse health effects of fluoride are related to thyroid hormone metabolism.
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DNA Methylation - Thyroid & Fluoride

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DNA Methylation & Thyroid Status

Just a short list of relevant papers:

Lafontaine N, Campbell PJ, Castillo-Fernandez JE, Mullin S, Lim EM, Kendrew P, Lewer M, Brown SJ, Huang RC, Melton PE, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Dudbridge F, Spector TD, Wright MJ, Martin NG, McRae AF, Panicker V, Zhu G, Walsh JP, Bell JT, Wilson SG - "Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Thyroid Function Traits Identifies Novel Associations of fT3 With KLF9 and DOT1L" J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(5):e2191-e2202 (2021) doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa975
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/1 ... 91/6114572
"We identified 23 differentially methylated regions associated with fT3, fT4, or TSH...This study has demonstrated associations between blood-based DNAm and both fT3 and TSH."

Qu M, Wan S, Wu H, Ren B, Chen Y, Liu L, Shen H - "The Whole Blood DNA Methylation Patterns of Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway Related Genes in Autoimmune Thyroiditis among Areas with Different Iodine Levels" Br J Nutr 9:1-35 (2022). doi: 10.1017/S0007114522000721
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals ... 53D0CB4D56

Wan S, Liu L, Ren B, Qu M, Wu H, Jiang W, Wang X, Shen H - "DNA Methylation Patterns in the HLA-DPB1 and PDCD1LG2 Gene Regions in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis from Different Water Iodine Areas" Thyroid 31(11):1741-1748 (2021)
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/thy.2021.0221
" There were multiple differential methylation sites in the HLA-DPB1 and PDCD1LG2 genes between the case and control population with different water iodine levels."

Hirai N, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Kinoshita R, Ohtani H, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y - "Association of IL6 gene methylation in peripheral blood cells with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases" Autoimmunity 52(7-8):251-255 (2019)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10. ... ode=iaut20
"Multiple regression analysis indicated that patients with HD, including severe or mild HD, showed higher methylation levels at the -426 CpG site than control subjects. Patients with intractable GD showed lower methylation levels at the -664 and -666 CpG sites than patients with GD in remission. In conclusion, IL6 gene methylation levels were related to the susceptibility to HD and the intractability of GD."

Morita E, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Hashimoto H, Haga E, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y - "Methylation levels of the TNFA gene are different between Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases and influenced by the TNFA polymorphism" Autoimmunity 51(3):118-125 (2018)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10. ... 18.1448078

Luo J, Wang X, Yuan L, Guo L - "Genome‑wide profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression unravel the epigenetic landscape in diabetes-related hypothyroidism" Clin Epigenetics 13(1):123 (2021) doi: 10.1186/s13148-021-01109-2
https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biom ... 21-01109-2


Fluoride

Short list:

He B, Dong S, Chen Q, Dong Z, Chen C - "DNA Methylation Profiles of Ovarian Granular Cells from Fluorosis Female Patients Suffering Reproductive Dysfunctions" Biol Trace Elem Res 200(8):3529-3536 (2022) doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02954-1. Epub 2021 Oct 22
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34686994/
"The methylation sequences of KGN cells relating to autophagy were significantly changed by NaF treatment dose-dependently. Based on these results, it is concluded that DNA methylation and autophagy may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of reproductive dysfunction caused by fluorosis."

Chen L, Yin N, Ding Y, Zhang ML, Li M, Zhong JJ, Feng SM - "Effects of fluoride on the proliferation and activation of osteoblasts by regulating methylation of the DNA repair genes MGMT and MLH1" Regen Ther 19:107-112 (2022) doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.01.004
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... via%3Dihub

Wang A, Ma Q, Gong B, Sun L, Afrim FK, Sun R, He T, Huang H, Zhu J, Zhou G, Ba Y - "DNA methylation and fluoride exposure in school-age children: Epigenome-wide screening and population-based validation" Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 223:112612 (2021) doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112612. Epub 2021 Aug 6
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... via%3Dihub

Meng X, Yao Y, Ma Y, Zhong N, Alphonse S, Pei J - "Effect of fluoride in drinking water on the level of 5-methylcytosine in human and rat blood" Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 81:103511 (2021) doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103511. Epub 2020 Oct 6
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... via%3Dihub

Pan X, Yan W, Qiu B, Liao Y, Liao Y, Wu S, Ming J, Zhang A - "Aberrant DNA methylation of Cyclind-CDK4-p21 is associated with chronic fluoride poisoning" Chem Biol Interact 315:108875 (2020) doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108875. Epub 2019 Oct 25
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... via%3Dihub

Ma Y, Yao Y, Zhong N, Angwa LM, Pei J - "The dose-time effects of fluoride on the expression and DNA methylation level of the promoter region of BMP-2 and BMP-7 in rats" Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 75:103331 (2020) doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103331. Epub 2020 Jan 23
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... via%3Dihub
"An increase in BMP-2 expression was also observed with an increase of fluoride exposure time...It concludes that fluoride has a dose-response effect on BMP-2 in fluorosis rats."
  • Compare: Deng T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Huan Z, Yu C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu J - "Thyroid-stimulating hormone decreases the risk of osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation" BMC Endocr Disord 21(1):49 (2021) doi: 10.1186/s12902-021-00715-8
    "Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 activity was enhanced with both increased TSH concentration and increased time."
Organic Fluoride

Silva AS, Toffoli LV, Estrada VB, Veríssimo LF, Francis-Oliveira J, Moreira EG, Gomes MV, Pelosi GG - "Maternal exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation induces long lasting changes in the DNA methylation profile of offspring's brain and affects the social interaction of rat" Brain Res Bull. 142:409-413 (2018) doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 17
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... via%3Dihub

Toffoli LV, Rodrigues GM Jr, Oliveira JF, Silva AS, Moreira EG, Pelosi GG, Gomes MV - "Maternal exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation affects the DNA methylation programming of rat's offspring: modulation by folic acid supplementation" Behav Brain Res 265:142-7 (2014) doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.031. Epub 2014 Feb 28
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... via%3Dihub
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