©2020 PFPC
COVID-19
(Duployez et al., 2020)"DNMT3A and TET2 mutations were by far the most common, concerning 28 (23%) and 26 patients (21%), respectively. Overall, mutations in DNMT3A and/or TET2 were present in 36% (44/122) of COVID-19 patients and were found in 80% (44/55) of those with CH. Ten patients had both DNMT3A and TET2 mutations."
Duployez N, Demonchy J, Berthon C, Goutay J, Caplan M, Moreau AS, Bignon A, Marceau-Renaut A, Garrigue D, Raczkiewicz I, Geffroy S, Bucci M, Alidjinou K, Demaret J, Labalette M, Brousseau T, Dupont A, Rauch A, Poissy J, Susen S, Preudhomme C, Quesnel B - "Clinico-Biological Features and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Severe COVID-19" Cancers (Basel) 12(7):E1992 (2020)
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/7/1992/htm
Fluoride
Fu M, Wu X, He J, Zhang Y, Hua S - "Natrium fluoride influences methylation modifications and induces apoptosis in mouse early embryos" Environ Sci Technol. 48(17):10398-405 (2014)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25102367/
(mouse embryo)
Niu Q, Liu H, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Guo S, He P, Guo L, Gao P, Xu B, Xu Z, Xia T, Wang A - "The effect of c-Fos demethylation on sodium fluoride-induced apoptosis in L-02 cells" Biol Trace Elem Res 149(1):102-9 (2012)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22528769/
(human embryo)
Gq/11
"At a molecular level, progression of CH to MPD is accompanied by selection for mutations activating Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling."
(Loberg et al., 2019)
Loberg MA, Bell RK, Goodwin LO, Eudy E, Miles LA, SanMiguel JM, Young K, Bergstrom DE, Levine RL, Schneider RK, Trowbridge JJ - "Sequentially inducible mouse models reveal that Npm1 mutation causes malignant transformation of Dnmt3a-mutant clonal hematopoiesis" Leukemia 33(7):1635-1649 (2019)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30692594/
Thyroid
(Demeneix, 2019)"In the mouse and other mammals, DNMT3A is a TH-induced gene, implicated not only in brain development but also in that of other tissues, including those involved in metabolic control, such as the hypothalamus and the liver."
Demeneix BA - "Evidence for Prenatal Exposure to Thyroid Disruptors and Adverse Effects on Brain Development" Eur Thyroid J 8(6):283-292 (2019)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6944944/
Kvaratskhelia T, Kvaratskhelia E, Kankava K, Abzianidze E - "MTHFR GENE C677T POLYMORPHISM AND LEVELS OF DNA METHYLTRASFERASES IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM" Georgian Med News (265):19-24 (2017)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28574380/
"In addition, individuals with TT and CT genotypes and hypothyroidism showed elevated amount of DNMT3a in nuclear extracts of PBMC compared with controls, while no significant difference in DNMT1 levels was observed."