Hyposmia - Olfactory Dysfunction

A forum investigating the similarities between COVID-19 and fluoride poisoning, thyroid dysfunction and Gq/11 pathways.
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Hyposmia - Olfactory Dysfunction

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Hyposmia - Olfactory Dysfunction
© 2020 PFPC

COVID-19

"Olfactory dysfunction (OD) appeared before the other symptoms in 11.8% of cases....Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European COVID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms."


(Lechien et al., 2020)

Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, Dequanter D, Blecic S, El Afia F, Distinguin L, Chekkoury-Idrissi Y, Hans S, Delgado IL, Calvo-Henriquez C, Lavigne P, Falanga C, Barillari MR, Cammaroto G, Khalife M, Leich P, Souchay C, Rossi C, Journe F, Hsieh J, Edjlali M, Carlier R, Ris L, Lovato A, De Filippis C, Coppee F, Fakhry N, Ayad T, Saussez S - "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study" Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1–11 (2020) doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32253535; PMCID: PMC7134551

"Loss of sense of smell and/or taste was reported by 26 of 63 COVID-19 patients (41%)."


(Bocksberger et al., 2020)

Bocksberger S, Wagner W, Hummel T, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Hoelscher M, Wendtner CM - "Temporäre Hyposmie bei COVID-19-Patienten [Temporary hyposmia in COVID-19 patients]" HNO 68(6):440-443 (2020) German. doi: 10.1007/s00106-020-00891-4. PMID: 32451564; PMCID: PMC7246968
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32451564/

Fluoride

Napoli PE, Nioi M, Iovino C, Sanna R, d'Aloja E, Fossarello M - "Ocular surface and respiratory tract damages from occupational, sub-chronic exposure to fluorspar: case report and other considerations" Int Ophthalmol 39(5):1175-1178 (2019) doi: 10.1007/s10792-018-0915-1. Epub 2018 Mar 28. PMID: 29594792.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29594792/

"Occupational sulfuryl fluoride exposures may be associated with subclinical effects on the central nervous system, including effects on olfactory and some cognitive functions."


(Calvert et al., 1998)

Calvert GM, Mueller CA, Fajen JM, Chrislip DW, Russo J, Briggle T, et al. - "Health effects associated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation workers" Am J Public Health 88(12):1774–80 (1998)

"In an olfactory preference test, the AlF3-treated animals failed to show preferences exhibited by the controls, indicating a possible olfactory impairment."

(Varner et al., 1994)

Varner JA, Horvath WJ, Huie CW, Naslund HR, Isaacson RL - "Chronic aluminum fluoride administration. I. Behavioral observations" Behav Neural Biol. 61(3):233‐241 (1994) doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(05)80006-8
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8067979/

Gq/11

Kain P, Chakraborty TS, Sundaram S, Siddiqi O, Rodrigues V, Hasan G - "Reduced odor responses from antennal neurons of G(q)alpha, phospholipase Cbeta, and rdgA mutants in Drosophila support a role for a phospholipid intermediate in insect olfactory transduction" J Neurosci 28(18):4745-55 (2008) doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5306-07.2008. PMID: 18448651; PMCID: PMC3844817

"The gustatory system is essential for almost all animals....These results indicate that: (1) Gq is a regulator of adaptation in the sugar receptor cell of Phormia, rather than a transducer, and (2) different adaptation mechanisms are promoted by stimulations with sucrose and D-fructose."


(Seno et al., 2005)

Seno K, Fujikawa K, Nakamura T, Ozaki M - "Gq alpha subunit mediates receptor site-specific adaptation in the sugar taste receptor cell of the blowfly, Phormia regina" Neurosci Lett 377(3):200-5 (2005) doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.12.003. Epub 2005 Jan 12. PMID: 15755526

Fadool DA, Estey SJ, Ache BW - "Evidence that a Gq-protein mediates excitatory odor transduction in lobster olfactory receptor neurons" Chem Senses 20(5):489-98 (1995) doi: 10.1093/chemse/20.5.489. PMID: 8564423
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8564423/

Talluri S, Bhatt A, Smith DP - "Identification of a Drosophila G protein alpha subunit (dGq alpha-3) expressed in chemosensory cells and central neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(25):11475-9 (1995) doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.25.11475. PMID: 8524786; PMCID: PMC40424
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8524786/

Thyroid

"Median detection thresholds for both smell stimuli were also markedly elevated (hyposmia) before therapy. Treatment with thyroid hormones largely reversed both the taste and smell defects."


(McConnell et al., 1975)

McConnell RJ, Menendez CE, Smith FR, Henkin RI, Rivlin RS - "Defects of taste and smell in patients with hypothyroidism" Am J Med 59(3):354-64 (1975) doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(75)90394-0. PMID: 1163545
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1163545/
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