2023: PFOS exposure was associated with lower bone mineral density in adolescence and young adulthood

There are more than 7 million PFAS and over 21 million fluorinated compounds listed in PubChem (2023).
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2023: PFOS exposure was associated with lower bone mineral density in adolescence and young adulthood

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Beglarian E, Costello E, Walker DI, Wang H, Alderete TL, Chen Z, Valvi D, Baumert BO, Rock S, Rubbo B, Aung MT, Gilliland FD, Goran MI, Jones DP, McConnell R, Eckel SP, Conti DV, Goodrich JA, Chatzi L - "Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults: A multi-cohort study" Environ Res 117611 (2023). doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117611
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 7219300415

Highlights
  • PFOS was associated with decreased rates of BMD change in Hispanic adolescents.
  • In mixed-ethnicity young adults, PFOS was additionally associated with lower BMD.
  • PFAS mixture effects on BMD were primarily negative though non-significant.
  • Findings support existing evidence and include a largely Hispanic study population.
Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impair bone development in adolescence, which impacts life-long bone health. No previous studies have examined prospective associations of individual PFAS and their mixture with bone mineral density (BMD) changes in Hispanic young persons, a population at high risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.

Objectives

To examine associations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixtures with longitudinal changes in BMD in an adolescent Hispanic cohort and examine generalizability of findings in a mixed-ethnicity young adult cohort (58.4% Hispanic).

Methods

Overweight/obese adolescents from the Study of Latino Adolescents at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (SOLAR; n = 304; mean follow-up = 1.4 years) and young adults from the Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS; n = 137; mean follow-up = 4.1 years) were included in this study. Plasma PFAS were measured at baseline and dual x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed at baseline and follow-up to measure BMD. We estimated longitudinal associations between BMD and five PFAS via separate covariate-adjusted linear mixed effects models, and between BMD and the PFAS mixture via quantile g-computation.

Results

In SOLAR adolescents, baseline plasma perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was associated with longitudinal changes in BMD. Each doubling of PFOS was associated with an average −0.003 g/cm2 difference in change in trunk BMD per year over follow-up (95% CI: −0.005, −0.0002). Associations with PFOS persisted in CHS young adults, where each doubling of plasma PFOS was associated with an average −0.032 g/cm2 difference in total BMD at baseline (95% CI -0.062, −0.003), though longitudinal associations were non-significant. We did not find associations of other PFAS with BMD; associations of the PFAS mixture with BMD outcomes were primarily negative though non-significant.

Discussion

PFOS exposure was associated with lower BMD in adolescence and young adulthood, important periods for bone development, which may have implications on future bone health and risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.
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