Who is responsible for these programs?

FAQ on Salt Fluoridation
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Who is responsible for these programs?

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Who is responsible for these programs?

There are several “responsible” factors. As mentioned above, the fact that fluoridated salt is not associated with increased costs to governments has been a key factor.

Most interestingly, fluoridation programs in Latin America are initiated by people who have obtained a “Masters of Public Health” degree in the US.

As Marthaler writes in 2000, citing the factors which were beneficial for the implementation of salt fluoridation programs:

“...many Latin American ministries have physicians in their staff who have completed their training as “Master of Public Health” (MPH), a degree mostly acquired in the USA.” (Marthaler, 2000)

and, in 2001:

“...the experts...almost all of them have went through training as a ‘Master of Public Health‘in the US. They are very conscious of the simple truth that a preventative measure must reach the majority of the population.”(Marthaler, 2001)

As mentioned, Kellogg’s financial support was crucial for the “success” of the program by PAHO, as well as for the distribution of all information concerning fluoride “benefits”.

Salt producers are greatly involved in the implementation of these programs. For example, in Costa Rica, salt companies took upon “all the additional costs in the set up of labs, in the hiring of personnel and in the improvement in the process and quality of salt production.”(Teles, 1994)

In Germany it was a salt company who became actively involved in fluoridated salt promotion (Marthaler, 2000).

But, above all, it’s the dental profession who is responsible for salt fluoridation measures world-wide.

It was the French Union for Oral Health (UFSBD) who advised the government and who lobbied for fluoridated salt in France. In Germany dentists are currently calling for lifting of regulations so that canteens can use fluoridated salt, lobbying heavily. The kitchen at the University of Heidelberg has been the “test canteen” since the late 1990s.

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PFPC Fluoridated Salt FAQ - © 2004 PFPC

REFERENCES:

Clarkson JJ, McLoughlin N - “Role of fluoride in oral health promotion” International Dental Journal 50:119-128 (2000)

EAPD (European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry) - “Guidelines on the use of fluoride in children: an EAPD policy document” (2000)

Estupinan-Day SR, Baez R, Horowitz H, Warpeha R, Sutherland B, Thamer M - "Salt fluoridation and dental caries in Jamaica" Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 29(4):247-52 (2001)

Fabien V, Obry-Musset AM, Hedelin G, Cahen PM - "Caries prevalence and salt fluoridation among 9-year-old schoolchildren in Strasbourg, France" Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 24(6):408-11 (1996)

Hernandez LP - “Prevention of dental caries through salt fluoridation in Mexico” CEDROS Newsletter Year II, N.3 (1993)

Hescot P - “Fluoridated Salt: A Measure Of Public Health In France” CEDROS Newsletter Year I, N.1 (1992)

ICCIDD - Switzerland Data

k+s Report 2000 (in German)

Kunzel W - "Systemic use of fluoride - other methods: salt, sugar, milk etc." Caries Research 27 (suppl.1):16-22 (1993)

Macpherson LM, Stephen KW - "The effect on human salivary fluoride concentration of consuming fluoridated salt-containing baked food items" Arch Oral Biol 46(10):983-8 (2001) Link

Marthaler TM- "Salt fluoridation: effectiveness against dental caries and practical results in Latin America and Europe" (2001)

Marthaler TM - “Salt fluoridation in Europe, comparisons with Latin America” 8th World Salt Symposium (2000); Volume 2: 1021-1026 (2000)

Marthaler (in German)
Under the heading: Zur Toxizität der Fluoride - derzeitiger Stand der Erkenntnis

Meyer-Lueckel H, Satzinger T, Kielbassa AM - “Caries prevalence among 6- to 16-year-old students in Jamaica 12 years after the Introduction of salt fluoridation” Caries Res 36(3):170-3 (2002)

Menghini G, Steiner M, Marthaler T, Helfenstein U, Brodowski D, Imfeld C, Weber R, Imfeld T - "Caries prevalence among students in 16 Zurich districts in the years 1992 to 2000" Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 113(3):267-77 (2003)

Milner T, Estupiñán-Day D - “Overview of Salt Fluoridation in the Region of the Americas: Part II. The Status of Salt Production, Quality & Marketing and the State of Technology Development for Salt Fluoridation” Salt 2000, 8th World Salt Symposium, Volume 2, pg 1033-1038 (2000)

PAHO - General Guidelines for Drafting a Legal Framework: Mandatory Iodization and Fluoridation of Salt for Human Consumption Division of Health Systems and Services Development Regional Program on Oral Health (November 2001)

PAHO Press Release, Aug. 23, 1996
http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/paho_1996.html

Pollick H - “Questions and Answers on Water Fluoridation - Prepared by Howard Pollick, BDS, MPH (2004)

Reuters Health - “Fluoride in Table Salt Cuts Tooth Decay in Jamaica”, Aug. 21, 2001

Salas MT - Fluoridated Salt - CEDROS Newsletter, Year III,N.5 (1994)

Soto-Rojas AE, Urena-Cirett JL, Martinez-Mier Ede L - "A review of the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico" Rev Panam Salud Publica 15(1):9-18 (2004)

Stephen KW, Macpherson LM, Gorzo I, Gilmour WH - “Caries, fluorosis and salt fluoridation in the city of Szeged” Fogorv Sz 91(8-9):275-80 (1998)

SVE (Schweizerische Vereinigung fuer Ernaehrung) - Streit ums Salz, Tabula 3 (1999)

Tovar LR, Guttierrez Ma E, Cruz G - "Fluoride content by ion chromatography using a suppressed conductivity detector and osmolality of bitterns discharged into the pacific ocean from a saltworks: Feasable causal agents in the mortality of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico" Analytical Sciences Vol.18:1003 (2002)

UNICEF - "Fluoride in water: An overview" (2001)

UK Food Standards - Salt & Health (Complete Report)
Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) (2003)

UK Food Standards Press Release (May 15, 2003)

WHO - "Salt Fluoridation Programme to prevent dental caries in Jamaica" (2002)

WHO - “Fluorides and Human Health” Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use. WHO Technical Report Series, 846. Geneva: WHO, 1994

Yewe-Dyer M - "My view on fluoridation" BDJ 192(10):551-553 (2002)
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