2023: Fluoride ions and Bifenthrin

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Suleman S, Azhar F, Jabeen R, Ahmad SN, Ahmad KR, Inayat I, Khanum Z, Faisal A, Yasmeen S, Kanwal MA - "In ovo exposure of F-ions and organo-fluoride insecticide (Bifenthrin) cause developmental anomalies of eye in chick embryos" Toxicol Rep 11:283-287 (2023). doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.014.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 0023001063
"Overall the results of this study indicate that F exposure in developing chick at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg may leads to histopathological impacts on the developing eyes and may also affect the development of nervous system as well."

Abstract

Objective: The developmental abnormalities of the in-ovo exposure of Fluoride ions (F-ions) and Bifenthrin (BF) on the embryonic chick eye were investigated.

Materials and methods: 165 fresh fertilized eggs of zero day and 40-50 g weight were divided into three groups (55 eggs each) on the basis of inter-vitelline treatment of eggs on zero day of study: 1) Control group (CG); 0.1 ml of 5 % DMSO aqueous solution 2),3) Fluoride group (FG), and Bifenthrin group (BFG); 0.01 mg/kg F-ions (from NaF) and 0.01 mg/kg BF in 0.1 ml of 5 % DMSO aqueous solution respectively. After incubation for 14 days at 37 ± 0.5 °C embryos were externalized. Eyes of each embryo were removed for micro-anatomical, micrometric and histopathological studies.

Results: The histological sections have shown denser and enlarged marginal mitotic region of the developing eye lenses in FG and BFG. In vertical sections of the eye lenses the nuclei of the crystalline cells in FG and BFG show a highly depressed bow shaped arrangement. Moreover, the nuclei of the core crystalline cells of the lens were apparently smaller in FG and BFG than CG. Out of the six anatomical layers of the retina the nuclear and the plexiform layers were highly enlarged in FG and BFG, similarly the three corneal cell layers (endothelial, parenchymal and epithelial) were enlarged in FG and BFG than CG. The morphometric, histometric and micrometric estimations also show significant variations in FG and BFG than CG.

Conclusion: The results indicate subtle developmental anomalies of the eyes attributable to the F-ions and BF exposure indicating their developmental neuro-optic disruption potentials. Results further revealed higher toxicity of BF as compared to F-ions.

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SEE also:

Faisal A, Khanum Z, Ahmad SN, Ahmad KR, Younis A, Suleman S, Inayat I, Kanwal M - "A. Histo-anatomical mutilations of developing chick brain induced by in-ovo fluoride and bifenthrin exposure" Toxicol Rep 10:190-194 (2023). doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.01.012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9898633/
"Results show that low dose in-ovo fluoride or bifenthrin exposure may cause neuro-developmental abnormalities in the developing chick embryos indicating that the Fluoride-ions and Bifenthrin harbor strong developmental neurotoxic capacity."

Thyroid

Tu W, Xu C, Lu B, Lin C, Wu Y, Liu W - "Acute exposure to synthetic pyrethroids causes bioconcentration and disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish embryos" Sci Total Environ 542(Pt A):876-85 (2016). doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.131
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 9715309475
"In both exposure groups, alterations were observed in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. In addition, the majority of the HPT axis-related genes examined, including CRH, TSHβ, TTR, UGT1ab, Pax8, Dio2 and TRα, were significantly upregulated in the presence of BF...Molecular docking analyses revealed that at the atomic level, BF binds to thyroid hormone receptor (TRα) protein more potently than λ-CH, consequently affecting HPT axis signal transduction. In vitro and in silico experiments disclosed that during the early stages of zebrafish development, BF and λ-CH have the potential to disrupt thyroid endocrine system."