2014 - Fluoride & Iodide and thyroid cytotoxicity

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2014 - Fluoride & Iodide and thyroid cytotoxicity

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Hongliang Liu, Qiang Zeng, Yushan Cu, Linyu Yu, Liang Zhao, Changchun Hou, Shun Zhang, Lei Zhang, Gang Fu, Chunyang Jiang, Xuemin Chen, Aiguo Wang - "The effects and underlying mechanism of excessive iodide on excessive fluoride-induced thyroid cytotoxicity" Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology Available online 27 June 2014
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar ... 8914001513

In many regions, excessive fluoride and excessive iodide coexist in groundwater, which may lead to biphasic hazards to human thyroid. To explore fluoride-induced thyroid cytotoxicity and the mechanism underlying the effects of excessive iodide on fluoride-induced cytotoxicity, a thyroid cell line (Nthy-ori 3-1) was exposed to excessive fluoride and/or excessive iodide. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, apoptosis, and the expression levels of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathway-related molecules were detected. Fluoride and/or iodide decreased cell viability and increased LDH leakage and apoptosis. ROS, the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), IRE1, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and spliced X-box-binding protein-1 (sXBP-1) were enhanced by fluoride or the combination of the two elements. Collectively, excessive fluoride and excessive iodide have detrimental influences on human thyroid cells. Furthermore, an antagonistic interaction between fluoride and excessive iodide exists, and cytotoxicity may be related to IRE1 pathway-induced apoptosis.
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