Yang XX, Xie C, Zhang H, Wu Y, Wei Y, Zhang Y - "Effects of fluoride and aluminum combined exposure on physiology, neurodevelopment, and learning-memory ability of offspring rats" J Environ Health. 31(9):773-776 (2014)
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摘要目的 了解氟、铝联合暴露对仔鼠生理、神经发育及学习记忆能力的影响。方法 将36只清洁级SD成年妊娠大鼠随机分为9组,分别为对照（自来水）组和氟化钠（100、200 mg/L）、氯化铝（500、1 000 mg/L）单独染毒组及氟化钠＋氯化铝联合染毒组,每组4只。从受孕第0天至仔鼠出生第21天（postnatal day21,PND21,即哺乳期）,母鼠采用自由饮水方式进行染毒;从每窝随机选取12只仔鼠（雌雄各半）继续饲养,自PND22（断乳后）~PND60（成年）期间,采用自由饮水方式进行染毒。观察仔鼠生理发育及神经行为反射指标,采用Morris水迷宫测试PND60仔鼠的学习记忆能力。结果 氟铝联合暴露对仔鼠生理发育、神经反射时间及首次达台时间的影响未见交互作用。与对照组比较,氟铝联合暴露组仔鼠第3、6、9周体重降低,逃避潜伏期延长及穿越平台次数减少,且存在交互作用（F值分别为：8.065、7.521、4.961,P〈0.05）,且均为拮抗作用。结论 在本实验剂量下,妊娠期至成年期高剂量的氟和铝单独暴露及氟铝联合暴露可降低仔鼠空间学习记忆的能力,且氟铝联合暴露对仔鼠空间学习记忆能力的损伤具有拮抗作用。
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effects of combined fluoride and aluminum exposure on the physiology, neurodevelopment, and learning–memory abilities of offspring rats.
Methods
Thirty-six clean-grade, adult, pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into 9 groups:
Control (tap water),
Sodium fluoride (NaF, 100 and 200 mg/L),
Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃, 500 and 1,000 mg/L),
Combined NaF + AlCl₃ exposure groups.
Each group included 4 dams. From gestational day 0 to postnatal day 21 (PND21, lactation), dams were exposed via drinking water. After weaning (PND22), 12 offspring (6 males and 6 females) per litter were randomly selected and continued on the same exposure regimen until PND60 (adulthood).
Physiological development and neurobehavioral reflex indices of the pups were observed. Spatial learning and memory were assessed at PND60 using the Morris water maze.
Results
Combined fluoride–aluminum exposure showed no interactive effects on offspring physiological development, neuro-reflex time, or time to first reach the platform.
Compared with the control group, pups in the combined exposure groups had reduced body weight (at weeks 3, 6, and 9), longer escape latency, and fewer platform crossings. These outcomes showed significant interactions (F = 8.065, 7.521, 4.961; P<0.05), all of which represented antagonistic effects.
Conclusion
At the tested doses, high-dose fluoride and aluminum exposure from pregnancy to adulthood - either alone or combined - can impair spatial learning and memory abilities in offspring rats. The combined fluoride–aluminum exposure produced antagonistic effects on the impairment of spatial learning and memory.
✅ Interpretation:
Both NaF and AlCl₃, individually, reduced growth and impaired spatial learning-memory.
Combined NaF + AlCl₃ exposure also impaired memory, but the interaction was antagonistic - i.e., the combined effect was less severe than expected from adding the two effects.